Coins from Al-Andalus and Ceuta

Islamic state (in Arabic, ad-dawlah al-islamīyah) is a kind of government (monarchy, republic or democracy) based on Islamic religious law. The Caliphate is a form of monarchic government headed by the Caliph (in Arabic, khalīfa) who is the regent, acting as successor of Muhammad. Second in command after the Caliph, with political and military roles, is the Emir (in Arabic, amīr) literally a "commander". Another sovereign title used by numerous Arab and non-Arab dynasties is the Sultan (in Arabic, sulṭān, "strength", "authority") supreme head of Sunni Islam and ruler in the Ottoman Empire. Arab Bedouin, led by the Prophet Muhammad, starting from 7th century with the Islamic expansion, conquered a huge territory, divulgating or converting different peoples, and continued until the 18th century thanks to the Ottoman and Mughal Empires. After Muhammad's death, the first Caliphate was established. During this first Caliphate, called the Rashidun Caliphate (in Arabic, Khilāfat al-Rāshidūn "Caliphate of the Orthodox") that spanned from 632 to 661, the Umma was governed by the four chosen Caliphs: Abū Bakr, marUmar ibn al-Khattāb, ʿUthmān b. ʿAffān and ʿAlī b. Abi Tālib. The "Orthodox" Caliphate was replaced by the Umayyad Caliphate (661-750) which was governed by the Umayyad dynasty (in Arabic, al-'Umawiyyūn or Banū'Umayya "Sons of Umayya"), coming from Mecca. After toppling the Umayyad Caliphate in the Abbasid revolution, the Abbasid Caliphate (in Arabic, ʿAbbāsiyyūn) was established and lasted from 750 to 1258. The culmination of the Abbasid power was under Hārūn al-Rashīd. His life and fabulous court have been the subject of many anecdotes; the famous tale "One Thousand and One Nights" contains many stories inspired by the myth of his magnificent court. The Fatimid Caliphate (in Arabic, Fāṭimiyyūn) constituted, between 909 and 1171, the most important Ismaili Shiite dynasty in the whole history of Islam and owes its name to the descent from Fātima bt. Muhammad, daughter of the prophet Muhammad. In the mid-11th century, the Seljuks won over the Fatimids in Syria and the loss of Palestine followed, after the Crusades and Saladin's victory in Egypt, marking the end of the Arab empire and the beginning of the new Ayyubid dynasty. After the destruction of the Abbasid Empire by the Mughal Dynasty, the Ottoman Empire came to power. In 1453, it conquered Constantinople, renamed it Istanbul and made it the capital of the empire. Today there are about 1.1 billion Muslims and, not only being Arab, Islam is represented in many major cultures in over 60 countries.

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Islamic states › Al-Andalus and Ceuta › Córdoba • Umayyad Caliphate of Córdoba • Abd al-Rahman III (912-961)

Dinar - 'Abd-al-Rahman III (Madinat al-Zahra)
336-348 (948-960)

Standard circulation coin
4.25 g • ⌀ 22 mm
N# 314588

Islamic states › Al-Andalus and Ceuta › Córdoba • Umayyad Caliphate of Córdoba • Al-Hakam II (961-976)

Dirham - al-Hakam II (Madinat al-Zahra)
350-364 (962-975)

Standard circulation coin
Silver • 2.70 g • ⌀ 23 mm
Vives arab# 447-458, A# 352.1-6, N# 81268
Dirham - al-Hakam II (al-Andalus)
365 (976)

Standard circulation coin
Silver • 2.70 g • ⌀ 23 mm
Vives arab# 496, N# 334204
⅓ Dinar - al-Hakam II (Madinat al-Zahra)
357-363 (968-974)

Standard circulation coin
Gold • 1.20 g
N# 334334
Dinar - al-Hakam II (Madinat al-Zahra)
357-364 (968-975)

Standard circulation coin
Gold • 4.00 g
N# 81267

Islamic states › Al-Andalus and Ceuta › Córdoba • Umayyad Caliphate of Córdoba • Hisham II (976-1009; 1010-1013)

Available for swap Dirham - Hisham II (First reign, al-Andalus)
366-402 (977-1012)

Standard circulation coin
Silver • 3.20 g
N# 81270
Dirham - Hisham II (First reign, Madinat Fas)
367-399 (978-1009)

Standard circulation coin
Silver • 3.40 g
N# 337155
Dirham - Hisham II (First reign, Nakur)
389-399 (999-1009)

Standard circulation coin
Silver • 3.30 g
N# 337156
⅓ Dinar - Hisham II (First reign, al-Andalus)
386-394 (996-1004)

Standard circulation coin
Gold • 1.2 g • ⌀ 13 mm
N# 337132
Dinar - Hisham II (First reign, al-Andalus)
367-399 (978-1009)

Standard circulation coin
Gold • 4.14 g
N# 81269
Dinar - Hisham II (al-Andalus)
ND (1010-1013)

Standard circulation coin
Gold • 3.17 g
N# 81274

Islamic states › Al-Andalus and Ceuta › Córdoba • Umayyad Caliphate of Córdoba • Muhammad II (1009)

Dirham - Muhammad II (al-Andalus)
ND (1009-1010)

Standard circulation coin
Silver • 3 g
N# 81271

Islamic states › Al-Andalus and Ceuta › Córdoba • Umayyad Caliphate of Córdoba • Sulayman (1009-1010; 1013-1016)

Dirham - Sulayman (al-Andalus)
ND (1009-1010)

Standard circulation coin
Silver • 2.93 g
N# 81273
Dirham - Sulayman (al-Andalus)
ND (1013-1016)

Standard circulation coin
Silver • 3 g
N# 81276
Dinar - Sulayman (al-Andalus)
ND (1009-1010)

Standard circulation coin
Gold • 4.57 g
N# 81272
Dinar - Sulayman (al-Andalus)
ND (1013-1016)

Standard circulation coin
Gold • 3.92 g
N# 81275

Islamic states › Al-Andalus and Ceuta › Córdoba • Hammudid Caliphate of Córdoba • Ali ibn Hammud (1016-1018)

1 Dirham - Ali ibn Hammud (Ceuta)
407 (1016)

Standard circulation coin
Silver • 2.00 g • ⌀ 0 mm
Vives# 730, N# 384986

Islamic states › Al-Andalus and Ceuta › Córdoba • Hammudid Caliphate of Córdoba • Al-Qasim ibn Hammud (1018-1021; 1023)

Dirham - al-Ma'mun al-Qasim (Hammudid of Malaga)
ND (1018-1023)

Standard circulation coin
Silver • 2.56 g
N# 83959

Islamic states › Al-Andalus and Ceuta › Córdoba • Umayyad Caliphate of Córdoba • Abd al-Rahman V (1023-1024)

1 Dirham - 'Abd al-Rahman V (Al-Andalus)
414 (1023)

Standard circulation coin
Silver • 2.10 g • ⌀ 25 mm
N# 384989

Islamic states › Al-Andalus and Ceuta › Córdoba • Umayyad Caliphate of Córdoba • Muhammad III (1024-1025)

1 Dirham - Muhammad III (Al-Andalus)
416 (1025)

Standard circulation coin
Silver • 2.50 g • ⌀ 22 mm
N# 384991

Islamic states › Al-Andalus and Ceuta › Córdoba • Umayyad Caliphate of Córdoba • Hisham III (1027-1031)

1 Dinar - Hisham III
422 (1031)

Standard circulation coin
Gold • 3.58 g • ⌀ 23 mm
A# E362, N# 384987

Islamic states › Al-Andalus and Ceuta › Córdoba • Unspecified ruling authority

Fals - Anonymous (Al-Andalus)
ND (756-929)

Copper • 1.8 g • ⌀ 17 mm
Vives arab# 319, N# 307525
Fals - Anonymous (al-Andalus)
ND (929-1031)

Standard circulation coin
Copper • 1.90 g • ⌀ 18 mm
N# 77609

Islamic states › Al-Andalus and Ceuta › Córdoba, Taifa of • Djahwarid dynasty • Muhammad al-Rashid ibn Djahwar (1043-1058)

Fractional Dinar - Muhammad ibn Djahwar
ND (1043-1058)

Standard circulation coin
Gold • 1.49 g
Vives# 1390, N# 385108

Islamic states › Al-Andalus and Ceuta › Córdoba, Taifa of • Unspecified ruling authority

Fractional Dirham - Anonymous (Banu Djahwar dynasty)
ND (1031-1070)

Standard circulation coin
Silver • 0.57 g • ⌀ 11 mm
N# 288133

Islamic states › Al-Andalus and Ceuta › Dénia, Taifa of • Amirid dynasty • Mudjahid al-Muwaffaq (1014-1045)

Islamic states › Al-Andalus and Ceuta › Dénia, Taifa of • Amirid dynasty • Hasan ibn Mudjahid (circa 1039-1041)

Fractional Dirham - Hasan ibn Mudjahid (As rebel)
430 (1039)

Standard circulation coin
Billon • 1.16 g
Vives# 1323, N# 384960

Islamic states › Al-Andalus and Ceuta › Dénia, Taifa of • Amirid dynasty • Ali Iqbal al-Dawla (1045-1076)

Dirham - Ali Iqbal al-Daula
449 (1058)

Standard circulation coin
Silver • 5.07 g
N# 212195

Islamic states › Al-Andalus and Ceuta › Dénia, Taifa of • Hudid dynasty • Munzir ibn al-Muqtadir ibn Hud (1080-1090)

Fractional Dirham - Munzir ibn al-Muqtadir ibn Hud
476 (1083)

Standard circulation coin
Silver • 1.96 g
Vives# 1329, N# 384963

Islamic states › Al-Andalus and Ceuta › Dénia, Taifa of • Hudid dynasty • Sulaiman ibn Munzir ibn Hud (1090-1099)

Dirham - Sayyid al-dawla Sulayman (Hudid of Denia)
ND (1090-1099)

Standard circulation coin
Silver • 3.87 g
N# 82315

Islamic states › Al-Andalus and Ceuta › Granada, Emirate of • Nasrid dynasty • Muhammad I (1237-1273)

1 Dinar - Muhammad I
ND (1237-1273)

Standard circulation coin
Gold • 4.62 g • ⌀ 29 mm
N# 384975

Islamic states › Al-Andalus and Ceuta › Granada, Emirate of • Nasrid dynasty • Isma'il I (1314-1325)

1 Dinar - Isma'il I
ND (1314-1325)

Standard circulation coin
Gold • 4.62 g • ⌀ 30 mm
N# 384976

Islamic states › Al-Andalus and Ceuta › Granada, Emirate of • Nasrid dynasty • Muhammad IV (1325-1333)

Dinar - Muhammad IV (Granada)
ND (1325-1333)

Standard circulation coin
Gold • 4.65 g
N# 84996

Islamic states › Al-Andalus and Ceuta › Granada, Emirate of • Nasrid dynasty • Yusuf I (1333-1354)

Dinar - Yusuf b. Isma’il (Granada)
ND (1333-1354)

Standard circulation coin
Gold • 4.66 g
Vives arab# 2167 var, N# 84994

Islamic states › Al-Andalus and Ceuta › Granada, Emirate of • Nasrid dynasty • Muhammad V (1354-1358; 1362-1391)

1 Dinar - Muhammad V b. Yusuf
ND (1354-1391)

Standard circulation coin
Gold • 4.64 g • ⌀ 33 mm
Vives# 2170, A# 411, N# 384969

Islamic states › Al-Andalus and Ceuta › Granada, Emirate of • Nasrid dynasty • Isma'il II (1358-1359)

1 Dinar - Isma'il II
ND (1358-1359)

Standard circulation coin
Gold • 4.60 g • ⌀ 32 mm
N# 384978

Islamic states › Al-Andalus and Ceuta › Granada, Emirate of • Nasrid dynasty • Yusuf II (1391-1392)

1 Dinar - Yusuf II
ND (1391-1392)

Standard circulation coin
Gold • 4.62 g • ⌀ 32 mm
N# 384979

Islamic states › Al-Andalus and Ceuta › Granada, Emirate of • Nasrid dynasty • Muhammad VII (1392-1408)

1 Dinar - Muhammad VII b. Yusuf
ND (1392-1408)

Standard circulation coin
Gold • 4.68 g • ⌀ 33 mm
Vives# 2171, N# 384971

Islamic states › Al-Andalus and Ceuta › Granada, Emirate of • Nasrid dynasty • Yusuf III (1408-1417)

1 Dinar - Yusuf III
ND (1408-1417)

Standard circulation coin
Gold • 4.52 g • ⌀ 30 mm
N# 384981

Islamic states › Al-Andalus and Ceuta › Granada, Emirate of • Nasrid dynasty • Muhammad VIII (1417-1419; 1427-1429)

1 Dinar - Muhammad VIII
ND (1417-1429)

Standard circulation coin
Gold • 4.64 g • ⌀ 33 mm
Vives# 2173, A# E412, N# 384972

Islamic states › Al-Andalus and Ceuta › Granada, Emirate of • Nasrid dynasty • Muhammad IX (1419-1427; 1430-1453)

Dinar - Muhammad IX b. Nasr (Granada)
ND (1419-1453)

Standard circulation coin
Gold • 4.62 g
N# 84990

Islamic states › Al-Andalus and Ceuta › Granada, Emirate of • Nasrid dynasty • Abu'l Hasan Ali (1464-1482; 1483-1485)

Fals - Abu'l-Hasan 'Ali ibn Sa'd
ND (1464-1485)

Standard circulation coin
Copper • 2.3 g • 23 mm
N# 288162

Islamic states › Al-Andalus and Ceuta › Granada, Emirate of • Nasrid dynasty • Muhammad XII (1482-1483; 1486-1492)

1 Dinar - Muhammad XII
ND (1482-1492)

Standard circulation coin
Gold • 4.64 g • ⌀ 29 mm
N# 384982

Islamic states › Al-Andalus and Ceuta › Granada, Emirate of • Nasrid dynasty • Muhammad XIII (1485-1489)

1 Dinar - Muhammad XIII
ND (1485-1489)

Standard circulation coin
Gold • 0.59 g • 21 × 21 mm
N# 384983

Islamic states › Al-Andalus and Ceuta › Granada, Emirate of • Unspecified ruling authority

Square ¼ Dirham - Anonymous
ND (1238-1492)

Standard circulation coin
Silver • 0.51 g • 11 mm
Vives arab# 2194, N# 126854
Square ½ Dirham - Granada
ND (1238-1492)

Standard circulation coin
Silver • 0.81 g • 15 × 14 mm
Vives arab# 2193, N# 356696
Square ½ Dirham - Malaga
ND (1238-1492)

Standard circulation coin
Silver • 0.9 g
Vives arab# 2195, N# 84995
Square ¼ Dirham - Granada
ND (1238-1492)

Standard circulation coin
Silver • 0.43 g • 11 × 10 mm
Vives arab# 2207, N# 356698

Islamic states › Al-Andalus and Ceuta › Granada, Taifa of • Zirid dynasty • Badis ibn Habbus al-Muzaffar (1038-1073)

Fractional Dinar - Badis b. Habbus (Zirid of Granada)
ND (1038-1073)

Standard circulation coin
Gold • 1.72 g
N# 84002

The Numista referees for coins of this issuer are bennycunha97 and simoneo80.

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