Coins from the Islamic states
Islamic state (in Arabic, ad-dawlah al-islamīyah) is a kind of government (monarchy, republic or democracy) based on Islamic religious law. The Caliphate is a form of monarchic government headed by the Caliph (in Arabic, khalīfa) who is the regent, acting as successor of Muhammad. Second in command after the Caliph, with political and military roles, is the Emir (in Arabic, amīr) literally a "commander". Another sovereign title used by numerous Arab and non-Arab dynasties is the Sultan (in Arabic, sulṭān, "strength", "authority") supreme head of Sunni Islam and ruler in the Ottoman Empire. Arab Bedouin, led by the Prophet Muhammad, starting from 7th century with the Islamic expansion, conquered a huge territory, divulgating or converting different peoples, and continued until the 18th century thanks to the Ottoman and Mughal Empires. After Muhammad's death, the first Caliphate was established. During this first Caliphate, called the Rashidun Caliphate (in Arabic, Khilāfat al-Rāshidūn "Caliphate of the Orthodox") that spanned from 632 to 661, the Umma was governed by the four chosen Caliphs: Abū Bakr, marUmar ibn al-Khattāb, ʿUthmān b. ʿAffān and ʿAlī b. Abi Tālib. The "Orthodox" Caliphate was replaced by the Umayyad Caliphate (661-750) which was governed by the Umayyad dynasty (in Arabic, al-'Umawiyyūn or Banū'Umayya "Sons of Umayya"), coming from Mecca. After toppling the Umayyad Caliphate in the Abbasid revolution, the Abbasid Caliphate (in Arabic, ʿAbbāsiyyūn) was established and lasted from 750 to 1258. The culmination of the Abbasid power was under Hārūn al-Rashīd. His life and fabulous court have been the subject of many anecdotes; the famous tale "One Thousand and One Nights" contains many stories inspired by the myth of his magnificent court. The Fatimid Caliphate (in Arabic, Fāṭimiyyūn) constituted, between 909 and 1171, the most important Ismaili Shiite dynasty in the whole history of Islam and owes its name to the descent from Fātima bt. Muhammad, daughter of the prophet Muhammad. In the mid-11th century, the Seljuks won over the Fatimids in Syria and the loss of Palestine followed, after the Crusades and Saladin's victory in Egypt, marking the end of the Arab empire and the beginning of the new Ayyubid dynasty. After the destruction of the Abbasid Empire by the Mughal Dynasty, the Ottoman Empire came to power. In 1453, it conquered Constantinople, renamed it Istanbul and made it the capital of the empire. Today there are about 1.1 billion Muslims and, not only being Arab, Islam is represented in many major cultures in over 60 countries.
Wikidata: Q4204060
- Abbasid Caliphate
- Abbasid Caliphate › Ifriqiya, Emirate of
- Abbasid Caliphate › Ikhshidid dynasty
- Almohad Caliphate
- Almoravid dynasty
- Anatolian Beyliks › Aydin, Beylik of
- Anatolian Beyliks › Germiyan, Beylik of
- Anatolian Beyliks › Isfendiyar, Beylik of
- Anatolian Beyliks › Menteshe, Beylik of
- Anatolian Beyliks › Saltukid dynasty
- Arabian Peninsula › Rassid dynasty
- Arabian Peninsula › Rasulid dynasty
- Arabian Peninsula › Sulayhid dynasty
- Artuqid dynasty › Hisn Kayfa and Amid, Artuqids of
- Artuqid dynasty › Mardin, Artuqids of
- Ayyubid Sultanate
- Aleppo, Emirate of - Dinar (1183-1260)
- Damascus, Emirate of - Dinar (1174-1260)
- Damascus, Sultanate of - Dinar (1174-1260)
- Egypt, Sultanate of - Dinar (1169-1254)
- Egypt, Sultanate of - Dinar (1171-1254)
- Egypt, Sultanate of - Glass/Paste Jeton (1171-1225)
- Hamah, Emirate of - Dinar (1178-1342)
- Jazira, Emirate of - Dinar (1199-1259)
- Begtimurid dynasty
- Caucasia, Islamic › Shaddadid dynasty
- Caucasia, Islamic › Shirvanshah dynasty
- East Africa › Kilwa Sultanate
- Fatimid Caliphate
- Ghaznavid dynasty
- Ghurid dynasty
- Greater Iran › Alamut State
- Greater Iran › Amirs of Astarabad
- Greater Iran › Aq Qoyunlu, Tribal federation of
- Greater Iran › Begtegīnid dynasty
- Greater Iran › Buyid dynasty
- Greater Iran › Dabuyid dynasty
- Greater Iran › Harthamid dynasty
- Greater Iran › Injuid dynasty
- Greater Iran › Khwarezmian Empire
- Greater Iran › Muzaffarid dynasty
- Greater Iran › Pishkinid dynasty
- Greater Iran › Qunduz, Emirate of
- Greater Iran › Qutlugh-Khanid dynasty
- Greater Iran › Saffarid dynasty
- Greater Iran › Sajid dynasty
- Greater Iran › Sarbedaran dynasty
- Habbari dynasty
- Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic Islands › Almería, Taifa of
- Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic Islands › Córdoba, Caliphate of
- Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic Islands › Córdoba, Emirate of
- Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic Islands › Córdoba, Taifa of
- Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic Islands › Dhunnunid dynasty
- Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic Islands › Hammudid dynasty
- Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic Islands › Hudid dynasty
- Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic Islands › Lorca, Taifa of
- Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic Islands › Majorca, Taifa of
- Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic Islands › Murcia, Taifa of
- Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic Islands › Nasrid dynasty
- Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic Islands › Saqlabi dynasty
- Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic Islands › Seville, Taifa of
- Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic Islands › Valencia, Taifa of
- Mamluk Sultanate
- North Africa and Sicily › Banu Hilal dynasty
- North Africa and Sicily › Hafsid dynasty
- North Africa and Sicily › Idrisid dynasty
- North Africa and Sicily › Kharijite dynasty
- North Africa and Sicily › Marinid dynasty
- North Africa and Sicily › Midrarid dynasty
- North Africa and Sicily › Saadi dynasty
- North Africa and Sicily › Wattasid dynasty
- North Africa and Sicily › Zayyanid dynasty
- North Africa and Sicily › Zirid dynasty
- Qara Qoyunlu, Tribal federation of
- Qarakhanid dynasty
- Qarmatid dynasty
- Rashidun Caliphate
- Samanid dynasty
- Seljuq dynasty › Great Seljuq
- Seljuq dynasty › Rûm Sultanate
- Sufid dynasty
- Tulunid dynasty
- Umayyad Caliphate
- Volga Bulgaria
- Zengid dynasty › Mosul, Zengids of
- Zengid dynasty › Sinjar, Emirate of
- Zengid dynasty › Syria, Zengid emirate of
Islamic states › Ghaznavid dynasty • Jital (977-1186)
Jital - Mas'ud III (Lahore mint) ND (1099-1115)
Leaded copper • 3.37 g • ⌀ 13.9 mm
Tye# 105, N# 72879
Jital - Bahram Shah (Ghazni mint) ND (1118-1152)
Leaded copper • 2.7 g • ⌀ 19 mm
Tye# 108, N# 138249
Jital - Khusrau Shah (Lahore mint) ND (1152-1160)
Copper • 3.05 g • ⌀ 13.16 mm
Tye# 114, GG# GZ56, N# 76551
Jital - Khusrau Malik (Lahore mint) ND (1160-1186)
Billon • 3.36 g • ⌀ 15 mm
GG# GZ65, Tye# 120, N# 45923
Jital - Arslanshah (Lahore Mint) ND (1116-1117)
Bronze • 3.12 g • ⌀ 14.8 mm
Tye# 107.2, A# 1650, N# 364439
Islamic states › Ghurid dynasty • Jital (1206-1290)
1 Jital 1206-1215 A.D (Yildiz/Kurraman mint) ND (1206-1215)
Billon • 2.94 g • ⌀ 14.39 mm
Tye# 200.1, N# 76900
Islamic states › Ghurid dynasty • Tanka (1206-1526)
Jital - Muhammad Bin Sam (Dehli type-muled) ND (1193-1206)
Billon • 3.2 g • ⌀ 17.05 mm
GG# D8, Tye# 186, N# 371218
Jital - Muhammad Bin Sam (Badaun type) ND (1193-1206)
Billon • 3.4 g • ⌀ 14.5 mm
GG# D7, Tye# 187, N# 371967
Islamic states › Ghurid dynasty • Suri (1539-1545)
Islamic states › Ghurid dynasty • Dinar (879-1215)
AV Dinar (1) - AR Dirham (⁷⁄₁₀) - AE Fals (¹⁄₆₀)
Dirham - Taj al -Din Yildiz Muhammad ibn Sam (Ghorid of Ghazna / Ghazna mint) ND (1206-1215)
Silver • 5.38 g • ⌀ 30 mm
N# 303424
Dirham - Taj al-Din Yildiz Muhammad ibn Sam (Ghorid of Ghazna / Ghazna mint) ND (1206-1215)
Silver • 3.84 g
N# 137706
Dinar - Mu'izz al-din Muhammad b. Sam (Bayana mint) ND (1193-1206)
Gold • 4.15 g • ⌀ 15 mm
GG# D6, N# 65312
Dinar - Mu'izz al-din Muhammad b. Sam (Kannauj mint) ND (1193-1206)
Gold • 4.17 g • ⌀ 22 mm
Mitch NI# 490, N# 76552
2 Dirham - Taj al -Din Yildiz Muhammad ibn Sam (Ghorid of Ghazna / Ghazna mint) 602-611 (1206-1215)
Silver • 8.05 g
N# 139642
Islamic states › Ghurid dynasty • Jital (879-1215)
Jital - Ghiyath al-Din Muhammad (Ghorid of Ghor / Taliqan mint) ND (1163-1203)
Billon • 2.78 g • ⌀ 15.3 mm
Tye# 130, N# 130198
Jital - Ghiyath al-Din Muhammad (Ghorid of Ghor / Shafurqan mint) ND (1163-1203)
Billon
Tye# 134, N# 122146
Jital - Muizz al-din Muhammad bin Sam (Ghorid of Ghazna / Kurzuwan mint) ND (1173-1206)
Copper • 2 g • ⌀ 19 mm
Tye# 151, N# 155318
Jital - Muizz al-din Muhammad bin Sam (Ghorid of Ghazna / Lahore mint) ND (1173-1206)
Billon • 3.25 g • ⌀ 14.3 mm
Tye# 180, DR# 13, N# 60487
Jital - Muizz al-din Muhammad bin Sam (Ghorid of Ghazna / Lahore mint) ND (1173-1206)
Leaded copper • 3.26 g • ⌀ 15 mm
Tye# 183, Val CCI# 100, N# 137623
Jital - Muizz al-din Muhammad bin Sam (Ghorid of Ghazna / Lahore mint) ND (1173-1206)
Leaded copper • 2.9 g • ⌀ 16 mm
Tye# 184, GG# D9, N# 137708
Jital - Muizz al-din Muhammad bin Sam (Ghorid of Ghazna / Delhi mint) ND (1173-1206)
Leaded copper • 3.48 g • ⌀ 15.45 mm
Tye# 185, Mitch WI# 2460, Val CCI# 105, N# 49527
Jital - Muizz al-din Muhammad bin Sam (Ghorid of Ghazna / Delhi mint / mule) 589 (1173-1206)
Leaded copper • 3.49 g • ⌀ 15.3 mm
Tye# 186, DR# 715, N# 41563
Jital - Muizz al-din Muhammad bin Sam (Ghorid of Ghazna / Delhi mint / mule) ND (1173-1206)
Leaded copper • 2.68 g • ⌀ 13.60 mm
Tye# 186, Val CCI# 106, N# 51535
Jital - Muizz al-din Muhammad bin Sam (Ghorid of Ghazna / Budaon mint) ND (1173-1206)
Leaded copper • 3.56 g • ⌀ 15.5 mm
Tye# 187, Mitch WI# 2462, N# 49030
Jital - Muizz al-din Muhammad bin Sam (Ghorid of Ghazna / Budaon mint) ND (1173-1206)
Leaded copper • 3.45 g • ⌀ 15.0 mm
Tye# 187, N# 104022
Jital - Muizz al-din Muhammad bin Sam (Late "Bull and Horseman" derivative) ND (1173-1206)
Copper • 3 g • ⌀ 15 mm
N# 324378
Jital - Taj al-Din Yildiz (Ghorid of Ghazna / Lahore mint) ND (1206-1215)
Leaded copper • 2.61 g • ⌀ 14 mm
Tye# 199, Mitch WI# 944, N# 201250
Jital - Taj al-Din Yildiz (Ghorid of Ghazna / Kurraman mint) ND (1206-1215)
Billon • 3.09 g • ⌀ 14.25 mm
Tye# 200, Mitch WI# 940, N# 48601
Jital - Taj al-Din Yildiz (Ghorid of Ghazna / Lahore mint) ND (1206-1215)
Leaded copper • 3.20 g • ⌀ 17.0 mm
Tye# 201, N# 98516
Islamic states › Greater Iran › Alamut State • Dinar (1090-1275)
AV Dinar (1) - AR Dirham (⁷⁄₁₀) - AE Fals (¹⁄₆₀)
Fractional Dirham - 'Ala al-din Muhammad III (Batinid of Alamut) ND (1221-1255)
Silver • 0.90 g • ⌀ 12 mm
N# 81442
Islamic states › Greater Iran › Amirs of Astarabad • Dinar (1356-1386)
6 Dirhams - temp. Amir Wali (Astarabad) ND (1356-1386)
Silver • 4.3 g • ⌀ 27 mm
A# 2343.1, N# 325079
The Numista referee for coins of this issuer is simoneo80.
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