Coins from the Islamic states
Islamic state (in Arabic, ad-dawlah al-islamīyah) is a kind of government (monarchy, republic or democracy) based on Islamic religious law. The Caliphate is a form of monarchic government headed by the Caliph (in Arabic, khalīfa) who is the regent, acting as successor of Muhammad. Second in command after the Caliph, with political and military roles, is the Emir (in Arabic, amīr) literally a "commander". Another sovereign title used by numerous Arab and non-Arab dynasties is the Sultan (in Arabic, sulṭān, "strength", "authority") supreme head of Sunni Islam and ruler in the Ottoman Empire. Arab Bedouin, led by the Prophet Muhammad, starting from 7th century with the Islamic expansion, conquered a huge territory, divulgating or converting different peoples, and continued until the 18th century thanks to the Ottoman and Mughal Empires. After Muhammad's death, the first Caliphate was established. During this first Caliphate, called the Rashidun Caliphate (in Arabic, Khilāfat al-Rāshidūn "Caliphate of the Orthodox") that spanned from 632 to 661, the Umma was governed by the four chosen Caliphs: Abū Bakr, marUmar ibn al-Khattāb, ʿUthmān b. ʿAffān and ʿAlī b. Abi Tālib. The "Orthodox" Caliphate was replaced by the Umayyad Caliphate (661-750) which was governed by the Umayyad dynasty (in Arabic, al-'Umawiyyūn or Banū'Umayya "Sons of Umayya"), coming from Mecca. After toppling the Umayyad Caliphate in the Abbasid revolution, the Abbasid Caliphate (in Arabic, ʿAbbāsiyyūn) was established and lasted from 750 to 1258. The culmination of the Abbasid power was under Hārūn al-Rashīd. His life and fabulous court have been the subject of many anecdotes; the famous tale "One Thousand and One Nights" contains many stories inspired by the myth of his magnificent court. The Fatimid Caliphate (in Arabic, Fāṭimiyyūn) constituted, between 909 and 1171, the most important Ismaili Shiite dynasty in the whole history of Islam and owes its name to the descent from Fātima bt. Muhammad, daughter of the prophet Muhammad. In the mid-11th century, the Seljuks won over the Fatimids in Syria and the loss of Palestine followed, after the Crusades and Saladin's victory in Egypt, marking the end of the Arab empire and the beginning of the new Ayyubid dynasty. After the destruction of the Abbasid Empire by the Mughal Dynasty, the Ottoman Empire came to power. In 1453, it conquered Constantinople, renamed it Istanbul and made it the capital of the empire. Today there are about 1.1 billion Muslims and, not only being Arab, Islam is represented in many major cultures in over 60 countries.
Wikidata: Q4204060
- Abbasid Caliphate
- Abbasid Caliphate › Abbasid rebels › Al-Rayy, City of
- Abbasid Caliphate › Abbasid rebels › Alid Rebellion
- Abbasid Caliphate › Abbasid rebels › Sogdia Region
- Abbasid Caliphate › Abbasid rebels › Zanj Rebellion
- Abbasid Caliphate › Abbasid rebels › Zaydi Rebellion
- Abbasid Caliphate › Arminiya, Emirate of
- Abbasid Caliphate › Crete, Emirate of
- Abbasid Caliphate › Dimashq, City of
- Abbasid Caliphate › Dulafid dynasty
- Abbasid Caliphate › Ifriqiya, Emirate of
- Abbasid Caliphate › Ifriqiya, Emirate of › Jund rebellions
- Abbasid Caliphate › Ikhshidid dynasty
- Abbasid Caliphate › Khorasan, Abbasids of
- Al-Andalus and Ceuta › Algeciras, Taifa of
- Al-Andalus and Ceuta › Almería, Taifa of
- Al-Andalus and Ceuta › Almohad Taifas › Al-Andalus, Almohads of
- Al-Andalus and Ceuta › Almohad Taifas › Lorca, Taifa of
- Al-Andalus and Ceuta › Almohad Taifas › Seville, City of
- Al-Andalus and Ceuta › Almoravid Taifas › Badajoz Region
- Al-Andalus and Ceuta › Almoravid Taifas › Badja and Silves Regions
- Al-Andalus and Ceuta › Almoravid Taifas › Badja, City of
- Al-Andalus and Ceuta › Almoravid Taifas › Baeza, City of
- Al-Andalus and Ceuta › Almoravid Taifas › Banu Ghaniya dynasty
- Al-Andalus and Ceuta › Almoravid Taifas › Martula, City of
- Al-Andalus and Ceuta › Almoravid Taifas › Murcia, Almoravids of
- Al-Andalus and Ceuta › Almoravid Taifas › Uncertain Almoravid taifa
- Al-Andalus and Ceuta › Alpuente, Taifa of
- Al-Andalus and Ceuta › Badajoz, Taifa of
- Al-Andalus and Ceuta › Ceuta, City of
- Al-Andalus and Ceuta › Ceuta, Taifa of
- Al-Andalus and Ceuta › Córdoba
- Al-Andalus and Ceuta › Córdoba, Taifa of
- Al-Andalus and Ceuta › Dénia, Taifa of
- Al-Andalus and Ceuta › Granada, Emirate of
- Al-Andalus and Ceuta › Granada, Taifa of
- Al-Andalus and Ceuta › Majorca, Taifa of
- Al-Andalus and Ceuta › Málaga, Taifa of
- Al-Andalus and Ceuta › Segura, City of
- Al-Andalus and Ceuta › Seville, Taifa of
- Al-Andalus and Ceuta › Toledo, Taifa of
- Al-Andalus and Ceuta › Tortosa, Taifa of
- Al-Andalus and Ceuta › Tudela, Taifa of
- Al-Andalus and Ceuta › Uncertain Iberian taifa
- Al-Andalus and Ceuta › Valencia, Taifa of
- Al-Andalus and Ceuta › Zaragoza, Taifa of › Calatayud, Taifa of
- Al-Andalus and Ceuta › Zaragoza, Taifa of
- Almohad Caliphate
- Almoravid dynasty
- Almoravid dynasty › Sijilmasa, City of
- Anatolian Beyliks › Alaiye, Beylik of
- Anatolian Beyliks › Amid, Inalids of
- Anatolian Beyliks › Aydin, Beylik of
- Anatolian Beyliks › Danishmendid dynasty
- Anatolian Beyliks › Danishmendid dynasty › Kayseri, Danishmendids of
- Anatolian Beyliks › Danishmendid dynasty › Malatya, Danishmendids of
- Anatolian Beyliks › Danishmendid dynasty › Sivas, Danishmendids of
- Anatolian Beyliks › Eshref, Beylik of
- Anatolian Beyliks › Germiyan, Beylik of
- Anatolian Beyliks › Hamid, Beylik of
- Anatolian Beyliks › Isfendiyar, Beylik of
- Anatolian Beyliks › Karaman, Beylik of
- Anatolian Beyliks › Mengüjek dynasty › Divriği, Mengüjeks of
- Anatolian Beyliks › Mengüjek dynasty › Erzincan, Mengüjeks of
- Anatolian Beyliks › Mengüjek dynasty › Kegonia, Mengüjeks of
- Anatolian Beyliks › Menteshe, Beylik of
- Anatolian Beyliks › Saltukid dynasty
- Anatolian Beyliks › Saruhan, Beylik of
- Arabian Peninsula › Julandid dynasty
- Arabian Peninsula › Khawlanid dynasty
- Arabian Peninsula › Najahid dynasty
- Arabian Peninsula › Rassid dynasty
- Arabian Peninsula › Rasulid dynasty › Al-Mahjam, City of
- Arabian Peninsula › Rasulid dynasty › Dhofar Region
- Arabian Peninsula › Rasulid dynasty
- Arabian Peninsula › Sana'a, City of
- Arabian Peninsula › Sulayhid dynasty
- Arabian Peninsula › Tahirid dynasty (Yemen)
- Arabian Peninsula › Tarafid dynasty
- Arabian Peninsula › Wajihid dynasty
- Arabian Peninsula › Yu'firid dynasty
- Arabian Peninsula › Ziyadid dynasty
- Arabian Peninsula › Zurayid dynasty
- Arghun dynasty
- Arghun dynasty › Tarkhan dynasty
- Artuqid dynasty › Halab, Artuqids of
- Artuqid dynasty › Hisn Kayfa and Amid, Artuqids of
- Artuqid dynasty › Mardin, Artuqids of
- Ayyubid Sultanate › Aleppo, Ayyubid Emirate of
- Ayyubid Sultanate › Damascus, Ayyubid Emirate of
- Ayyubid Sultanate › Diyar Bakr, Emirate of
- Ayyubid Sultanate › Egypt, Ayyubid Sultanate of
- Ayyubid Sultanate › Hamah, Emirate of
- Ayyubid Sultanate › Hisn Kayfa, Emirate of
- Begtimurid dynasty
- Buyid dynasty › Amul and Ruyan, Cities of
- Buyid dynasty › Fars, Buyids of
- Buyid dynasty › Hamadan, Buyids of
- Buyid dynasty › Imranid dynasty
- Buyid dynasty › Iraq, Buyids of
- Buyid dynasty › Jibal, Buyids of
- Buyid dynasty › Kerman, Buyids of
- Buyid dynasty › Khuzistan, Buyids of
- Buyid dynasty › Tawwaj, City of
- Buyid dynasty › Uman, Buyids of
- Caucasia, Islamic › Darband, Emirate of
- Caucasia, Islamic › Dvin, City of
- Caucasia, Islamic › Shaddadid dynasty › Dvin, Shaddadids of
- Caucasia, Islamic › Shaddadid dynasty › Ganja, Shaddadids of
- Caucasia, Islamic › Shirvanshah dynasty
- East Africa › Kilwa Sultanate
- Fatimid Caliphate › Alexandria, City of
- Fatimid Caliphate
- Fatimid Caliphate › Qayrawan, City of
- Ghaznavid dynasty › Farighunid dynasty
- Ghaznavid dynasty
- Ghaznavid dynasty › Juzjan, Ghaznavids of
- Ghaznavid dynasty › Khorasan, Ghaznavids of
- Ghaznavid dynasty › Sijistan, Ghaznavids of
- Ghaznavid dynasty › Western Khorasan, Ghaznavids of
- Ghurid dynasty › Bamiyan, Ghurids of
- Ghurid dynasty
- Greater Iran › Afrasiyab dynasty
- Greater Iran › Alamut State
- Greater Iran › Annazid dynasty
- Greater Iran › Aq Qoyunlu, Tribal federation of › Al-Hisn, City of
- Greater Iran › Aq Qoyunlu, Tribal federation of
- Greater Iran › Aq Qoyunlu, Tribal federation of › Azerbaijan and Iraq, Aq Qoyunlu of
- Greater Iran › Aq Qoyunlu, Tribal federation of › Diyarbakir, Aq Qoyunlu of
- Greater Iran › Aq Qoyunlu, Tribal federation of › Fars and Iraq-Ajam, Aq Qoyunlu of
- Greater Iran › Balkh, Emirate of
- Greater Iran › Bavand dynasty
- Greater Iran › Begtegīnid dynasty
- Greater Iran › Borujerd, Emirate of
- Greater Iran › Bost, Emirate of
- Greater Iran › Dabuyid dynasty
- Greater Iran › Fars, Atabegs of
- Greater Iran › Firuzanid dynasty
- Greater Iran › Harthamid dynasty
- Greater Iran › Hasanwayhid dynasty
- Greater Iran › Hazaraspid dynasty
- Greater Iran › Ildegizid dynasty
- Greater Iran › Ildegizid dynasty › Uncertain Ildegizid vassal
- Greater Iran › Ilyasid dynasty
- Greater Iran › Injuid dynasty
- Greater Iran › Justanid dynasty
- Greater Iran › Kakwayhid, Emirate of
- Greater Iran › Kangarid dynasty
- Greater Iran › Khujistanid dynasty
- Greater Iran › Khuzestan, Atabegs of
- Greater Iran › Mihrabanid dynasty
- Greater Iran › Muzaffarid dynasty
- Greater Iran › Nishapur, Emirate of
- Greater Iran › Pishkinid dynasty
- Greater Iran › Qunduz, Emirate of
- Greater Iran › Qutlugh-Khanid dynasty
- Greater Iran › Saffarid dynasty
- Greater Iran › Saffarid dynasty › Sijistan, Later Saffarids of
- Greater Iran › Sajid dynasty
- Greater Iran › Sallarid dynasty
- Greater Iran › Sarbedaran dynasty
- Greater Iran › Shabankara, Atabegs of
- Greater Iran › Su'lukid dynasty
- Greater Iran › Tabriz, Emirate of
- Greater Iran › Tahirid dynasty
- Greater Iran › Wakhsh, Emirate of
- Greater Iran › Yazd, Atabegs of
- Greater Iran › Yun, Emirate of
- Hamdanid dynasty › Al-Jazira, Hamdanids of
- Hamdanid dynasty › Aleppo, Hamdanids of
- Jand, Maliks of
- Jarrahid dynasty
- Khwarezmian dynasties › Kath, Afrighids of
- Khwarezmian dynasties › Kath, City of
- Khwarezmian dynasties › Khwarezmian Empire
- Khwarezmian dynasties › Ma'munid dynasty
- Kurdish dynasty › Adharbayjan, Kurds of
- Kurdish dynasty › Hadhabani, Kurds of
- Kurdish dynasty › Hakkâri, Emirate of
- Kurdish dynasty › Marwanid dynasty
- Mamluk Sultanate
- Mirdasid dynasty
- North Africa and Sicily › Banu Hilal dynasty
- North Africa and Sicily › Banu Ifran dynasty
- North Africa and Sicily › Fès, Emirate of
- North Africa and Sicily › Hafsid dynasty
- North Africa and Sicily › Idrisid dynasty › Basra, City of
- North Africa and Sicily › Idrisid dynasty
- North Africa and Sicily › Idrisid dynasty › Kharijite dynasty
- North Africa and Sicily › Idrisid dynasty › Mu'tazilite dynasty
- North Africa and Sicily › Idrisid dynasty › Tilimsan, Emirate of
- North Africa and Sicily › Idrisid dynasty › Uncertain Idrisid city
- North Africa and Sicily › Idrisid dynasty › Warzigha, City of
- North Africa and Sicily › Idrisid dynasty › Wazzequr, City of
- North Africa and Sicily › Khazrunid dynasty › Sijilmasa, Khazrunids of
- North Africa and Sicily › Khazrunid dynasty › Tarabulus, Khazrunids of
- North Africa and Sicily › Marinid dynasty
- North Africa and Sicily › Midrarid dynasty
- North Africa and Sicily › Qayrawan, Zirids of
- North Africa and Sicily › Riyahid dynasty
- North Africa and Sicily › Rustamid dynasty
- North Africa and Sicily › Sulaymanid dynasty
- North Africa and Sicily › Wadi Lau, Hammudids of
- North Africa and Sicily › Wattasid dynasty
- North Africa and Sicily › Zayyanid dynasty
- Numayrid dynasty
- Qalhati, Emirate of
- Qara Qoyunlu, Tribal federation of › Adilcevaz, City of
- Qara Qoyunlu, Tribal federation of › Iraq, Qara Qoyunlu of
- Qara Qoyunlu, Tribal federation of
- Qarakhanid dynasty
- Qarakhanid dynasty › Eastern Qarakhanid Khaganate
- Qarakhanid dynasty › Qarakhanid apanages › Al-Sughd, Qarakhanids of
- Qarakhanid dynasty › Qarakhanid apanages › Balkh, Qarakhanids of
- Qarakhanid dynasty › Qarakhanid apanages › Banakath, Qarakhanids of
- Qarakhanid dynasty › Qarakhanid apanages › Chaghaniyan, Qarakhanids of
- Qarakhanid dynasty › Qarakhanid apanages › Ilaq, Qarakhanids of
- Qarakhanid dynasty › Qarakhanid apanages › Ishtikhan, Qarakhanids of
- Qarakhanid dynasty › Qarakhanid apanages › Karmina, Qarakhanids of
- Qarakhanid dynasty › Qarakhanid apanages › Kasan, Qarakhanids of
- Qarakhanid dynasty › Qarakhanid apanages › Kashgar, Qarakhanids of
- Qarakhanid dynasty › Qarakhanid apanages › Kharashkath, Qarakhanids of
- Qarakhanid dynasty › Qarakhanid apanages › Marghinan, Qarakhanids of
- Qarakhanid dynasty › Qarakhanid apanages › Parab, Qarakhanids of
- Qarakhanid dynasty › Qarakhanid apanages › Taliqan, Qarakhanids of
- Qarakhanid dynasty › Qarakhanid apanages › Tirmidh, Qarakhanids of
- Qarakhanid dynasty › Qarakhanid apanages › Uncertain Qarakhanid apanage
- Qarakhanid dynasty › Qarakhanid apanages › Uzkand, Qarakhanids of
- Qarakhanid dynasty › United Qarakhanid Khaganate
- Qarakhanid dynasty › Western Qarakhanid Khaganate
- Qarlughid dynasty
- Qarmatid dynasty › Greater Syria, Qarmatids of
- Qarmatid dynasty › Mekka, City of
- Qarmatid dynasty › Uman, Qarmatids of
- Rashidun Caliphate
- Samanid dynasty › Akhsikath, Samanids of
- Samanid dynasty › Andaraba and Banjhir Regions
- Samanid dynasty › Banijurid dynasty
- Samanid dynasty › Farwan, Emirate of
- Samanid dynasty › Khujand, City of
- Samanid dynasty › Khuttal, Emirate of
- Samanid dynasty › Mattid dynasty
- Samanid dynasty › Muhtajid dynasty
- Samanid dynasty
- Samanid dynasty › Samanid rebels › Andaraba, City of
- Samanid dynasty › Samanid rebels › Nishapur, City of
- Samanid dynasty › Samanid rebels › Yahya's Rebellion
- Samanid dynasty › Simjurid dynasty
- Samanid dynasty › Usrushana, Afshins of
- Seljuq dynasty › Arran, Atabegs of
- Seljuq dynasty › Borujerd, Atabegs of
- Seljuq dynasty › Damascus, Seljuq Emirate of
- Seljuq dynasty › Great Seljuq
- Seljuq dynasty › Hamadan Sultanate
- Seljuq dynasty › Hamadan, Seljuqs of
- Seljuq dynasty › Kerman Sultanate
- Seljuq dynasty › Rûm Sultanate › Ankara, City of
- Seljuq dynasty › Rûm Sultanate › Eastern Provinces (Rûm)
- Seljuq dynasty › Rûm Sultanate › Erzurum, City of
- Seljuq dynasty › Rûm Sultanate › Konya, City of
- Seljuq dynasty › Rûm Sultanate › Malayta, City of
- Seljuq dynasty › Rûm Sultanate
- Seljuq dynasty › Rûm Sultanate › Sivas and Aksaray, Cities of
- Seljuq dynasty › Rûm Sultanate › Sivas, City of
- Seljuq dynasty › Rûm Sultanate › Tokat, City of
- Seljuq dynasty › Rûm Sultanate › Uncertain rebel City (Rûm)
- Seljuq dynasty › Rûm Sultanate › Western Provinces
- Seljuq dynasty › Syria, Seljuq emirate of › Syria, Seljuq Emirate of
- Sind
- Tulunid dynasty › Cilicia Region
- Tulunid dynasty › Filastin Region
- Tulunid dynasty
- Umayyad Caliphate
- Uqaylid dynasty › Aleppo, City of
- Uqaylid dynasty › Balad, Uqaylids of
- Uqaylid dynasty › Banu Uqayl dynasty
- Uqaylid dynasty › Barqa'id, Uqaylids of
- Uqaylid dynasty › Mawsil, Uqaylids of
- Uqaylid dynasty › Nasibin, Uqaylids of
- Uqaylid dynasty › Sinjar, Uqaylids of
- Uqaylid dynasty › Takrit, Uqaylids of
- Uqaylid dynasty › Ukbara, Uqaylids of
- Uqaylid dynasty › Uncertain Uqaylid region
- Volga Bulgaria
- Zengid dynasty › Aleppo, Zengid Emirate of
- Zengid dynasty › Mosul, Emirate of
- Zengid dynasty › Sinjar, Emirate of
Islamic states › Greater Iran › Aq Qoyunlu, Tribal federation of • Tanka (1378-1501)
Tanka - Abu'l-Muzaffar Ya'qub (Tabriz mint) 883-896 (1478-1491)
Silver • 5.00 g • ⌀ 20.2 mm
N# 380454
Islamic states › Greater Iran › Aq Qoyunlu, Tribal federation of • Unspecified currency
Islamic states › Greater Iran › Aq Qoyunlu, Tribal federation of › Azerbaijan and Iraq, Aq Qoyunlu of • Tanka (1378-1501)
Islamic states › Greater Iran › Aq Qoyunlu, Tribal federation of › Diyarbakir, Aq Qoyunlu of • Tanka (1375-1468)
1 Tanka / Mithqal = 60 Fals
Islamic states › Greater Iran › Aq Qoyunlu, Tribal federation of › Fars and Iraq-Ajam, Aq Qoyunlu of • Tanka (1375-1468)
1 Tanka / Mithqal = 60 Fals
¼ Tanka - Sultan Murad ibn Ya'qub (Shaykh Murshid mint) ND (1500-1508)
Silver • 1.37 g • ⌀ 14 mm
A# 2553, N# 388222
Islamic states › Greater Iran › Balkh, Emirate of • Dinar (628/632-1598)
60 Fals / Mangir = 1 Dinar = 1 Ashrafi - 1 Dirham / Jital = ⁷⁄₁₀ Dinar
1 Dirham - Abu'l-Mujahid Muhammad al-Husayni 617 (1220)
Copper • 4.86 g • ⌀ 31 mm
A# 1753, N# 381998
Islamic states › Greater Iran › Bavand dynasty • Dinar (628/632-1598)
60 Fals / Mangir = 1 Dinar = 1 Ashrafi - 1 Dirham / Jital = ⁷⁄₁₀ Dinar
Islamic states › Greater Iran › Begtegīnid dynasty • Dinar (1131-1232)
Dirham - Muzaffar al-Din Kokburi (Lion-rider type - Irbil mint) 586-614 (1190-1218)
Copper • 10 g • ⌀ 26 mm
N# 196387
Islamic states › Greater Iran › Borujerd, Emirate of • Dinar (628/632-1598)
60 Fals / Mangir = 1 Dinar = 1 Ashrafi - 1 Dirham / Jital = ⁷⁄₁₀ Dinar
Islamic states › Greater Iran › Bost, Emirate of • Dinar (628/632-1598)
60 Fals / Mangir = 1 Dinar = 1 Ashrafi - 1 Dirham / Jital = ⁷⁄₁₀ Dinar
Islamic states › Greater Iran › Dabuyid dynasty • Darchm (642-760)
½ Drachm - "Ispahbadh of Tabaristan" Gil Gavbara (Arab-Sasanian) ND (642-660)
Silver • 2 g • ⌀ 24 mm
N# 74594
½ Drachm - "Ispahbadh of Tabaristan" Farrukhan the Great (Arab-Sasanian) ND (712-718)
Silver • 2 g • ⌀ 24 mm
N# 74596
½ Drachm - "Ispahbadh of Tabaristan" Dadhburzmihr (Arab-Sasanian) ND (728-741)
Silver • 1.87 g • ⌀ 24 mm
Val Sn# 3, Mitch WI# 23, N# 74598
½ Drachm - "Ispahbadh of Tabaristan" Khurshid with Farrukhan the Little (Arab-Sasanian) ND (740-760)
Silver • 2 g • ⌀ 24 mm
Val Sn# 76, Val Sn# 77, N# 74599
Islamic states › Greater Iran › Fars, Atabegs of • Dinar (628/632-1598)
60 Fals / Mangir = 1 Dinar = 1 Ashrafi - 1 Dirham / Jital = ⁷⁄₁₀ Dinar
Islamic states › Greater Iran › Firuzanid dynasty • Dinar (628/632-1598)
60 Fals / Mangir = 1 Dinar = 1 Ashrafi - 1 Dirham / Jital = ⁷⁄₁₀ Dinar
Islamic states › Greater Iran › Harthamid dynasty • Dinar (822-824)
The Numista referee for coins of this issuer is simoneo80.
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