1 Cash - Qianlong Tongbao; Boo-yuwan

Obverse © R. A. McIntosh

Features

Issuer	Empire of China
Emperor	Qing dynasty › Qianlong (乾隆帝) (1735-1796)
Type	Standard circulation coin
Years	1736-1800
Value	1 Cash
Currency	Cash (621-1912)
Composition	Brass
Weight	3.83 g
Diameter	24 mm
Thickness	1.0 mm
Shape	Round with a square hole
Technique	Cast
Orientation	Medal alignment ↑↑
Demonetized	Yes
Number	N# 19755
References	Hartill# 22.248, David Hartill; 2017. Cast Chinese Coins (2^nd edition). New Generation Publishing, London, United Kingdom. FD# 2306, Fubao Ding, George Albert Fisher; 1990. Fisher's Ding. G. A. Fisher, Littleton, Colorado, United States. Schjoth# 1466, Fredrik Schjöth; 1976. Chinese Currency. Andrew Publishing Co., London, United Kingdom. KM# 390 Tracy L. Schmidt (editor); 2019. Standard Catalog of World Coins / 2001-Date (14^th edition). Krause Publications, Stevens Point, Wisconsin, United States. And 5 more volumes.

Obverse

Four Chinese ideograms read top to bottom, right to left.

Script: Chinese (traditional, regular script)

Lettering:
　乾
寶　通
　隆

Translation:
Qian Long Tong Bao
Qianlong (Emporer) / Universal currency

Reverse

Two Manchu words (read vertically) separated by the hole.

Script: Mongolian / Manchu

Lettering: ᠪᠣᠣ ᠶᡠᠸᠠᠨ

Translation: Boo-yuwan

Edge

Smooth.

Mints

	Ministry of Public Works Mint, Auxilliary furnaces (工部局), Beijing, China (1726-1898)
	Ministry of Public Works Mint, New Branch (工部局), Beijing, China (1726-1898)
	Ministry of Public Works Mint, Old Branch (工部局), Beijing, China (1726-1898)

Comments

Many varieties exist:

Type A: Well made coin with large Manchu characters.
Type B: マ radical in 通; flat top ᠪᠣᠣ
Type D: マ radical in 通; protruding top ᠪᠣᠣ
Type E: マ radical in 通; characters barely touch the rim
Type F1: マ radical in 通; top of radical curves down
Type F2: コ or マ radical in 通 (poor workmanship)
Type G: コ or マ radical in 通; small text with broad rims (careful workmanship)
Type H1 (Shanlong): 缶 radical instead of 生 radical in 隆; straight 乙 radical in 乾
Type H2 (Shanlong): 缶 radical instead of 生 radical in 隆; curvy 乙 radical in 乾
Type H3 (Shanlong): 缶 radical instead of 生 radical in 隆; flat top ᠶᡠᠸᠠᠨ

The Shanlongs are posthumous issues (either from when Qianlong was a retired emperor or after he died).

A common variety of Yuwan:

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Date	VG	F	VF	XF	Frequency
Undetermined
ND (1736)	$ 1.90	$ 2.10	$ 2.30		27%	Hartill#22.248: Type A; radical し in 乾
ND (1736)		$ 0.92	$ 2.20	$ 2.60	26%	Hartill#22.249: Type A; radical 乙 in 乾
ND (1736-1739)					6%	Hartill#22.250: Type A; radical 乙 in 乾 with wavy vertical stroke in radical 辶 in 通
ND (1740-1745)					7%	Hartill#22.251: Type B; broad rims
ND (1746-1753)					3%	Hartill#22.252: Type B; smaller rims
ND (1746-1753)					5%	Hartill#22.253: Type B; smaller rims with straight centre extending line in ᠶᡠᠸᠠᠨ
ND (1754-1760)					7%	Hartill#22.254: Type B; smaller coin (around 23-24mm; coarse workmanship)
ND (1761-1767)					5%	Hartill#22.255: Type D
ND (1768-1773)					4%	Hartill#22.256: Type E
ND (1774)					3%	Hartill#22.257: Type F1
ND (1775-1794)			$ 0.53		5%	Hartill#22.258: Type F2; radical マ in 通 (New branch)
ND (1775-1794)					6%	Hartill#22.259: Type F2; radical コ and two-dot radical 辶 in 通 (Old branch)
ND (1775-1794)					10%	Hartill#22.260: Type F2; radical コ and one-dot radical 辶 in 通 (Auxiliary furnaces)
ND (1795)					2%	Hartill#22.261: Type G; radical マ in 通 (New branch)
ND (1795)					3%	Hartill#22.262: Type G; radical コ and two-dot radical 辶 in 通 (Old branch)
ND (1795)					0.8%	Hartill#22.263: Type G; radical コ and one-dot radical 辶 in 通 (Auxiliary furnaces)
ND (1796-1799)					3%	Hartill#22.264: Type H1; radical マ in 通 (New branch)
ND (1796-1799)					7%	Hartill#22.265: Type H1; radical コ and two-dot radical 辶 in 通 (Old branch)
ND (1796-1799)					1.1%	Hartill#22.266: Type H2; radical マ in 通 (New branch)
ND (1796-1799)					3%	Hartill#22.267: Type H2; radical コ and two-dot radical 辶 in 通 (Old branch)
ND (1800)					1.7%	Hartill#22.268: Type H3; radical マ in 通 (New branch)
ND (1800)					1.4%	Hartill#22.269: Type H3; radical コ and two-dot radical 辶 in 通 (Old branch)
ND (1800)					3%	Hartill#22.270: Type H3; radical コ and one-dot radical 辶 in 通 (Auxiliary furnaces)

Values in the table above are expressed in USD. They are based on evaluations by Numista users and sales realized on Internet platforms. They serve as an indication only; they are not intended to be relied upon for buying, selling or exchanging. Numista does not buy or sell coins or banknotes.

Frequencies show the percentage of Numista users who own each year or variety among all the users who own this coin. Since some users own several versions, the sum may be greater than 100%.

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This index is based on the data of Numista members collections. It ranges from 0 to 100, 0 meaning a very common coin or banknote and 100 meaning a rare coin or banknote among Numista members.

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