Coins from the Umayyad Caliphate

Islamic state (in Arabic, ad-dawlah al-islamīyah) is a kind of government (monarchy, republic or democracy) based on Islamic religious law. The Caliphate is a form of monarchic government headed by the Caliph (in Arabic, khalīfa) who is the regent, acting as successor of Muhammad. Second in command after the Caliph, with political and military roles, is the Emir (in Arabic, amīr) literally a "commander". Another sovereign title used by numerous Arab and non-Arab dynasties is the Sultan (in Arabic, sulṭān, "strength", "authority") supreme head of Sunni Islam and ruler in the Ottoman Empire. Arab Bedouin, led by the Prophet Muhammad, starting from 7th century with the Islamic expansion, conquered a huge territory, divulgating or converting different peoples, and continued until the 18th century thanks to the Ottoman and Mughal Empires. After Muhammad's death, the first Caliphate was established. During this first Caliphate, called the Rashidun Caliphate (in Arabic, Khilāfat al-Rāshidūn "Caliphate of the Orthodox") that spanned from 632 to 661, the Umma was governed by the four chosen Caliphs: Abū Bakr, marUmar ibn al-Khattāb, ʿUthmān b. ʿAffān and ʿAlī b. Abi Tālib. The "Orthodox" Caliphate was replaced by the Umayyad Caliphate (661-750) which was governed by the Umayyad dynasty (in Arabic, al-'Umawiyyūn or Banū'Umayya "Sons of Umayya"), coming from Mecca. After toppling the Umayyad Caliphate in the Abbasid revolution, the Abbasid Caliphate (in Arabic, ʿAbbāsiyyūn) was established and lasted from 750 to 1258. The culmination of the Abbasid power was under Hārūn al-Rashīd. His life and fabulous court have been the subject of many anecdotes; the famous tale "One Thousand and One Nights" contains many stories inspired by the myth of his magnificent court. The Fatimid Caliphate (in Arabic, Fāṭimiyyūn) constituted, between 909 and 1171, the most important Ismaili Shiite dynasty in the whole history of Islam and owes its name to the descent from Fātima bt. Muhammad, daughter of the prophet Muhammad. In the mid-11th century, the Seljuks won over the Fatimids in Syria and the loss of Palestine followed, after the Crusades and Saladin's victory in Egypt, marking the end of the Arab empire and the beginning of the new Ayyubid dynasty. After the destruction of the Abbasid Empire by the Mughal Dynasty, the Ottoman Empire came to power. In 1453, it conquered Constantinople, renamed it Istanbul and made it the capital of the empire. Today there are about 1.1 billion Muslims and, not only being Arab, Islam is represented in many major cultures in over 60 countries.
Wikidata: Q8575586

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Drachm (661-750)

Drachm - 'Ubayd Allah b. 'Abd al-Rahman (Arab-Sasanian)
ND (702-703)

Standard circulation coin
Silver • 3.5 g
N# 80564
Drachm - Khalid b. Abi Khalid (Arab-Sasanian)
ND (702-707)

Standard circulation coin
Silver • 3.83 g
N# 80566

Solidus (661-750)

Available for swap Follis / Fals - Muawiyah I - standing figure type (Arab-Byzantine)
60 (659-680)

Standard circulation coin
Copper • 4.47 g • ⌀ 19 mm
N# 76248
Follis / Fals - two standing figures type (Arab-Byzantine)
60 (680)

Standard circulation coin
Copper • 4 g
N# 80867
Nummus / Fals - Anonymous (imitating Constans II Arab-Byzantine)
ND (680-693)

Standard circulation coin
Bronze • 1.84 g • ⌀ 22.6 mm
N# 372690
Follis / Fals - Anonymous (Facing bust type - Hims mint - Arab-Byzantine)
ND (685-692)

Standard circulation coin
Copper • 4.65 g • ⌀ 19.5 mm
A# 3524, N# 77274
Available for swap Follis / Fals - Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan - standing caliph type (Arab-Byzantine)
ND (685-705)

Standard circulation coin
Copper • 3.25 g • ⌀ 16 mm
N# 74321
Follis / Fals - standing caliph type - Iliya (with star - Jerusalem - Arab-Byzantine)
ND (690-698)

Standard circulation coin
Copper • 3.08 g • ⌀ 20 mm
A# 3545A, N# 149516
Semissis / ½ Dinar - Unknown - al-Andalus - Transitional coinage (Spain and North Africa - Arab-Byzantine)
ND (711-718)

Standard circulation coin
Gold • 1.92 g • ⌀ 12 mm
Val CCI# 12, N# 76415
Solidus / Dinar - Abd al-Malik - three standing figures type (Arab-Byzantine)
ND (685-705)

Standard circulation coin
Gold • 4.25 g • ⌀ 21 mm
A# 3549, N# 91185
Solidus / Dinar - Abd al-Malik - standing caliph type (Arab-Byzantine)
ND (694-741)

Standard circulation coin
Gold (.916) • 4.3 g • ⌀ 19 mm
N# 70964
Solidus / Dinar - Pseudo-Byzantine - two standing figures type (Arab-Byzantine)
ND (695-715)

Standard circulation coin
Gold • 4.26 g
JA Delhi# 143, N# 80866
Fals - imperial bust
ND (661-680)

Standard circulation coin
Copper • 4.58 g • ⌀ 20 mm
N# 307660

Unspecified currency

Fals - Jund Filastin
120 (738)

3.07 g • ⌀ 15.7 mm
N# 327056

The Numista referees for coins of this issuer are simoneo80 and bennycunha97.

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