Южнобалтийские и восточноевропейские клады куфических дирхамов как свидетельство военной активности данов из Трусо в Восточной Европе в 840-855 гг.

Kufic dirhams are silver Arab coins that were exported to Northern, Central Europe, and Eastern Europe during the Viking Age from the late 8th to the early 11th century. Kufic dirhams provide information about the year, place of minting, and the ruler's name, which allows the hoards of these coins to be used as chronological reference points that help date economic, social, and political processes.

One dating option is based on the fact that the hoard cannot be buried before the date of minting of the youngest coin in the hoard (terminus post quem principle, dating t.p.q.). If the year is not readable, then another variant of dating is possible – by comparing the dynastic composition of the hoard with the dynastic composition of the dated hoards.
Sometimes the two dating methods are inconsistent with each other. The article examines the discrepancy between the dating of the early South Baltic hoards for younger coins (mainly t.p.q. 800–810s) with the dating of these hoards in terms of dynastic composition, which corresponds to the Eastern European hoards of t.p.q. 830–840s.

The main conclusion of the work is that the southern Baltic hoards fell out around 840–855 AD and are the remnants of the payment of Danish mercenaries from the south coast of the Baltic (mainly from Truso) who fought in Eastern Europe on the side of the local population against the Sveons.
This is the only reliable 9th-century case of any large-scale participation of the Danes in the events in Eastern Europe. Therefore it should be considered as one of the real grounds for creating a fantastic legend about the calling of the Varangians.