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Antoninianus - Probus Helmeted, cuirassed left, spear and shield; ADVENTVS AVG

Features

Issuer RomeRoman Empire (27 BC - 395 AD)
Emperor Probus (Marcus Aurelius Probus) (276-282)
Type Standard circulation coins
Years 278-280
Value Antoninianus (1)
Currency Antoninianus, Reform of Caracalla (AD 215 – 301)
Composition Silver
Weight 3.5 g
Diameter 21.5 mm
Shape Round (irregular)
Technique Hammered
Orientation Variable alignment ↺
Demonetized Yes
Number
N#
292985
References RIC V.2# 629a
Percy H. Webb, Harold Mattingly, Edward Allen Sydenham; 1933. The Roman Imperial Coinage / Volume 5.2. Marcus Aurelius Probus – Maximian (AD 276–310). Spink & Son, London, United Kingdom.
, OCRE# ric.5.pro.629
Online Coins of the Roman Empire (http://numismatics.org/ocre/)

Obverse

Bust of Probus, helmeted, radiate, cuirassed, left, holding spear in right hand and shield in left hand.

Script: Latin

Lettering: IMP C M AVR PROBVS P AVG

Unabridged legend: Imperator Caesar Marcus Aurelius Probus Pius Augustus.

Translation: Supreme commander (Imperator), Caesar Marcus Aurelius Probus, the pious, emperor (Augustus).

Reverse

Probus, riding left, raising right hand and holding sceptre in left hand; sometimes at his feet, captive.

Script: Latin

Lettering:
ADVENTVS AVG
In exergue XXI followed by officina mark, sometimes officina mark in field.

Unabridged legend: Adventus Augusti.

Translation: Adventus (Roman welcoming ceremony) of the emperor.

Mint

Siscia, modern-day Sisak, Croatia

Comments

According to RIC, RIC 629 was minted by the first (XXIP) to the sixth (XXIVI) officina of the Siscia mint. The original RIC text mentions 3 different variations/different bust types (bust types according to Pierre Bastiens grouping of bust types; see illustrated: probvs.net) (*), and there are also multiple variants known:

  1. helmeted, radiate, cuirassed, left, holding spear in right hand and shield in left hand (E1 bust, Alföldi (**) 005.083-088 (example: probuscoins.fr #2920), Numista #292985);
  2. radiate, wearing imperial mantle, left, holding sceptre surmounted by eagle in right hand (H2 bust, Alföldi 005.065-071 (example: probuscoins.fr #370), Numista #415783);
  3. radiate, cuirassed, left, holding spear in right hand and shield in left hand (F1 bust, Alföldi 005.077-082 (example: probuscoins.fr #3550), Numista #415784);
  4. [var] radiate, cuirassed, left, holding spear in right hand and shield in left hand, from behind (F8 bust, Alföldi - (example: probuscoins.fr #3851), Numista #415786);
  5. [var] helmeted, radiate, cuirassed bust left, holding spear and shield, from behind (E2 bust, Alföldi 005.089 (example: probuscoins.fr #3969), not in Numista);
  6. [var] radiate, cuirassed, left, holding spear (F5 bust, Alföldi 005.072-076 (example: probuscoins.fr #4990), not in Numista).

(*) OCRE mistakenly only lists the F1 variation/bust type.

(**) Andreas Alföldi, Vorarbeiten zu einem Corpus der in Siscia geprägten römischen Kaisermünzen. Heft V. Verzeichnis der Antoniniane des Kaisers Probus, Budapest, 1939.

According to Pink, RIC 629, with its obverse legend nr. 2 ('IMP C M AVR PROBVS P AVG') is part of the 5th (exergue-/officina mark style: -/-//XXIT) emission, which was in the year 278 (Karl Pink, Der Aufbau der römischen Münzprägung in der Kaiserzeit VI/I, Wien, 1949, p. 52). RIC also lists exergue-/officina mark T/-//XXI, which is also listed by Alföldi (005.072 and 005.073). According to Pink, the letter T, as field mark for the third officina, was only used in Siscia as part of the 7th emission (year 280). However, Pink does not list 'ADVENTVS AVG' being used during the 7th emission.

See also

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Date VG F VF XF AU UNC
ND (278)  Photo "XXIP" in exergue (officina 1);
ND (278)  Photo "XXIQ" in exergue (officina 4);
ND (278)  "XXIS" in exergue (officina 2);
ND (278)  "XXIT" in exergue (officina 3);
ND (278)  "XXIV" in exergue (officina 5);
ND (278)  "XXIVI" in exergue (officina 6);
ND (280)  "T" in field; "XXI" in exergue (officina 3);

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Examples of the type

Picture 1 of the example of Antoninianus - Probus (Helmeted, cuirassed left, spear and shield; ADVENTVS AVG) Picture 2 of the example of Antoninianus - Probus (Helmeted, cuirassed left, spear and shield; ADVENTVS AVG)
© Münzkabinett der Universität Göttingen, UK-02514
ND (278) – "XXIP" in exergue (officina 1); • 21.71 mm3.518 g (see more)
See the examples

Past sales

Pictures Sale Date Version Grade Sold price
Picture 1 of a sold Antoninianus - Probus (Helmeted, cuirassed left, spear and shield; ADVENTVS AVG)
Numismatik Naumann GmbH
Auction 108
Lot 883
Internet Archive
3 Oct 2021 ND (278) – "XXIQ" in exergue (officina 4); XF USD 92.25
(EUR 80.00)
(+ buyer's premium)
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