Items from the Islamic states

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Islamic state (in Arabic, ad-dawlah al-islamīyah) is a kind of government (monarchy, republic or democracy) based on Islamic religious law. The Caliphate is a form of monarchic government headed by the Caliph (in Arabic, khalīfa) who is the regent, acting as successor of Muhammad. Second in command after the Caliph, with political and military roles, is the Emir (in Arabic, amīr) literally a "commander". Another sovereign title used by numerous Arab and non-Arab dynasties is the Sultan (in Arabic, sulṭān, "strength", "authority") supreme head of Sunni Islam and ruler in the Ottoman Empire. Arab Bedouin, led by the Prophet Muhammad, starting from 7th century with the Islamic expansion, conquered a huge territory, divulgating or converting different peoples, and continued until the 18th century thanks to the Ottoman and Mughal Empires. After Muhammad's death, the first Caliphate was established. During this first Caliphate, called the Rashidun Caliphate (in Arabic, Khilāfat al-Rāshidūn "Caliphate of the Orthodox") that spanned from 632 to 661, the Umma was governed by the four chosen Caliphs: Abū Bakr, marUmar ibn al-Khattāb, ʿUthmān b. ʿAffān and ʿAlī b. Abi Tālib. The "Orthodox" Caliphate was replaced by the Umayyad Caliphate (661-750) which was governed by the Umayyad dynasty (in Arabic, al-'Umawiyyūn or Banū'Umayya "Sons of Umayya"), coming from Mecca. After toppling the Umayyad Caliphate in the Abbasid revolution, the Abbasid Caliphate (in Arabic, ʿAbbāsiyyūn) was established and lasted from 750 to 1258. The culmination of the Abbasid power was under Hārūn al-Rashīd. His life and fabulous court have been the subject of many anecdotes; the famous tale "One Thousand and One Nights" contains many stories inspired by the myth of his magnificent court. The Fatimid Caliphate (in Arabic, Fāṭimiyyūn) constituted, between 909 and 1171, the most important Ismaili Shiite dynasty in the whole history of Islam and owes its name to the descent from Fātima bt. Muhammad, daughter of the prophet Muhammad. In the mid-11th century, the Seljuks won over the Fatimids in Syria and the loss of Palestine followed, after the Crusades and Saladin's victory in Egypt, marking the end of the Arab empire and the beginning of the new Ayyubid dynasty. After the destruction of the Abbasid Empire by the Mughal Dynasty, the Ottoman Empire came to power. In 1453, it conquered Constantinople, renamed it Istanbul and made it the capital of the empire. Today there are about 1.1 billion Muslims and, not only being Arab, Islam is represented in many major cultures in over 60 countries.

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Islamic states › Abbasid Caliphate • Dinar (750-1517)

60 Fals / Mangir = 1 Dinar = 1 Ashrafi - 1 Dirham / Jital = ⁷⁄₁₀ Dinar

Fals - al-Mahdi (Madinat al-Salam)
166 (166-785)

Coins › Standard circulation coins
Copper • 1.35 g • ⌀ 17 mm
Lowick# 518, Zeno cat# 10864, N# 417483
Fals - Anonymous (Bukhara)
ND (750-1258)

Coins › Standard circulation coins
Copper • 2.92 g
N# 82213
Fals - Anonymous (Dimashq)
ND (750-1258)

Coins › Standard circulation coins
Copper • 3.9 g • ⌀ 15 mm
N# 157306
Fals - Anonymous (Dimashq)
ND (750-1258)

Coins › Standard circulation coins
Copper • 2.80 g
N# 73110
Fals - Anonymous (Fars)
ND (750-1258)

Coins › Standard circulation coins
Copper • 2.41 g
N# 82313
Fals - Anonymous (Ghazza)
ND (750-1258)

Coins › Standard circulation coins
Copper • 3.22 g
N# 82312
Fals - Anonymous (Halab)
ND (750-1258)

Coins › Standard circulation coins
Copper • 5.07 g
N# 82288
Fals - Anonymous (Istakhr)
ND (750-1258)

Coins › Standard circulation coins
Copper • 2.92 g
N# 82105
Fals - Anonymous (Jubayl)
ND (750-1258)

Coins › Standard circulation coins
Copper • 1.5 g
N# 82251
Fals - Anonymous (Jurjan)
ND (750-1258)

Coins › Standard circulation coins
Copper • 2.61 g
N# 82252
Fals - Anonymous (Jīroft)
ND (750-1258)

Coins › Standard circulation coins
Copper • 2.95 g
N# 82287
Available for swap Fals - Anonymous (Kafr Tûthâ)
ND (750-1258)

Coins › Standard circulation coins
Copper • 3.08 g
N# 82255
Fals - Anonymous (Khazanat Halab)
ND (750-1258)

Coins › Standard circulation coins
Copper • 3.50 g • ⌀ 20 mm
N# 82310
Fals - Anonymous (Kurat al-Mahdiya min Fars)
ND (750-1258)

Coins › Standard circulation coins
Copper • 2.41 g
N# 82256
Fals - Anonymous (Misr)
ND (750-1258)

Coins › Standard circulation coins
Copper • 8.06 g
N# 82317
Fals - Anonymous (Nihavand)
ND (750-1258)

Coins › Standard circulation coins
Copper • 2.15 g
N# 82320
Fals - Anonymous (Ramhurmuz)
ND (750-1258)

Coins › Standard circulation coins
Copper • 4.51 g
N# 82297
Fals - Anonymous (Sabur)
ND (750-1258)

Coins › Standard circulation coins
Copper • 2.76 g
N# 82302
Fals - Anonymous (Samarqand)
ND (750-1258)

Coins › Standard circulation coins
Copper • 2.30 g
N# 82305
Fals - Anonymous (Shiraz)
ND (750-1258)

Coins › Standard circulation coins
Copper • 2 g
N# 82307
Fals - Anonymous (Sijistan)
ND (750-1258)

Coins › Standard circulation coins
Copper
N# 82303
Fals - Anonymous (Sijistan)
ND (750-1258)

Coins › Standard circulation coins
Copper • 6.48 g
N# 82304
Fals - Anonymous (Sur)
ND (750-1258)

Coins › Standard circulation coins
Copper • 2.09 g
N# 82309
Fals - Anonymous (Tawwaj)
ND (750-1258)

Coins › Standard circulation coins
Copper • 2.25 g
N# 82250
Fals - Anonymous (Trablus)
ND (750-1258)

Coins › Standard circulation coins
Copper • 2.18 g
N# 82311
Fals - Anonymous (Zaranj)
ND (750-1258)

Coins › Standard circulation coins
Copper • 3.03 g
N# 82301
Fals - Anonymous (al-Basra)
ND (750-1258)

Coins › Standard circulation coins
Copper
N# 86053
Fals - Anonymous (al-Masisa)
ND (750-1258)

Coins › Standard circulation coins
Copper • 2.67 g
N# 82318
Fals - Anonymous (al-Mawsil)
ND (750-1258)

Coins › Standard circulation coins
Copper • 6.23 g
N# 82319
Fals - Anonymous (al-Rafiqa)
ND (750-1258)

Coins › Standard circulation coins
Copper • 5.70 g
N# 82296
Fals - Anonymous (al-Ramla)
ND (750-1258)

Coins › Standard circulation coins
Copper • 2.60 g
N# 82298
Fals - Anonymous (al-Rayy)
ND (750-1258)

Coins › Standard circulation coins
Copper • 5.66 g
N# 82300
Fals - Anonymous (al-Shash)
ND (750-1258)

Coins › Standard circulation coins
Copper • 2.20 g
N# 82306
Fals - Anonymous (Balkh)
206 (750-1258)

Coins › Standard circulation coins
Copper • 2.29 g
Album Islamic# 319, N# 82249
Fals - Ismail bin Ali (Abbasid Governors)
ND (751-759)

Coins › Standard circulation coins
Copper • 2.54 g
Album Islamic# 338, N# 361737
Fals - In name of al-Abbas ibn Muhammad
ND (754-766)

Coins › Standard circulation coins
Copper • 4.8 g • ⌀ 22.4 mm
Album Islamic# 304, Zeno cat# 6385, N# 437957
Fals - temp. al-Mansur (Jabal al-Fidda)
155 (754-775)

Coins › Standard circulation coins
Copper • 2.60 g • ⌀ 19 mm
Album Islamic# A326, N# 376774
Fals (Balkh)
142 (759)

Coins
Copper • 1.9 g • ⌀ 18 mm
Album Islamic# 319, Zeno cat# 236471, N# 440662
Fals - Anonymous (Barda'a)
142-210 (759-825)

Coins › Standard circulation coins
Copper • 2.5 g • ⌀ 21 mm
Album Islamic# 315, Zeno cat# 7411, N# 433673
Fals - Marwân ibn Bashîr (Hims)
ND (760)

Coins › Standard circulation coins
Copper • 4.3 g • ⌀ 19 mm
BMC Walk 2# 806, N# 389471
Fals - temp. al-Mansur (Balkh)
149 (767)

Coins › Standard circulation coins
Copper • 2.2 g • ⌀ 21 mm
N# 143515
Fals - Al-Mahdi (Sabur)
ND (775-785)

Coins › Standard circulation coins
Copper • 1.82 g • ⌀ 17.85 mm
N# 392692
Fals - temp. al-Mahdi (al-kufa)
ND (775-785)

Coins › Standard circulation coins
Copper • 2.60 g • ⌀ 19 mm
N# 104310
Fals - al Mahdi (Ramhurmuz)
165 (782)

Coins › Standard circulation coins
Copper • 2.43 g • ⌀ 21 mm
N# 304881
Fals - Anonymous (al-kufa)
167-169 (784-786)

Coins › Standard circulation coins
Copper • 2.12 g • ⌀ 18 mm
Album Islamic# 306, N# 153391
Fals (al-Basra)
174-176 (790-792)

Coins › Standard circulation coins
Bronze • 3.5 g
Album Islamic# 303, N# 422248
Fals - temp. al-Rashid (Sabur)
178 (795)

Coins › Standard circulation coins
Copper • 4.44 g • ⌀ 22 mm
Album Islamic# J327, N# 264594
Fals - Ghassan ibn 'Abbad (Samarqand)
205 (820)

Coins › Standard circulation coins
Copper • 2.2 g • ⌀ 20 mm
Album Islamic# 334, N# 444800
Fals - Anonymous (Thaghr al-Masisa)
ND (820-825)

Coins › Standard circulation coins
Copper • 3.05 g • ⌀ 18.2 mm
Album Islamic# 298, N# 357704
Fals - Anonymous (Imārat Iqritiya - Vassal of Abbasid Caliphate)
ND (827-961)

Coins › Standard circulation coins
Copper • ⌀ 11 mm
N# 284199

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